Family- Araceae.
Habitat- Wild and cultivated throughout India in damp marshy places from900 to 1,800 m; common
in Manipur and Naga Hills.
English- Sweet Flag, Calamus.
Ayurvedic- Vachaa, Ugragandhaa,Ugraa, Golomi, Shadgranthaa,Shataparvaa, Tikshnagandhaa,Kshudra-patra, Maangalyaa, Ghorbach.
Unani- Waj-e-Turki, Waj.
Siddha/Tamil- Vasambu.
Action- Rhizome—nervine tonic,hypotensive, tranquilizer, sedative(with neuroleptic and antianxiety
properties), analgesic, spasmolytic,anticonvulsant; used for bronchial catarrh, chronic diarrhoea and
dysentery.Along with other therapeutic applications,The Ayurvedic Pharmacopoeia of India indicates the use of the dried rhizomes as a brain tonic inweakmemory,psychoneurosis and epilepsy.Four types of Calamus are used in herbal medicine: type I—Acorus calamus L. var. americanus, a diploid American var.; type II—var. vulgaris L. (var. calamus), a European triploid;type III and type IV—var. augustatus
Bess. and var. versus L., subtropical tetraploids.Beta-asarone is carcinogenic in animals.
Volatile oil of types II, III and IV—major constituent is usually betaasarone (isoasarone), up to 96%. Indian calamus oil contains asarone up to 82% and its beta-isomer. In type I,
beta-asarone and other phenylpropanoids are absent. It is superior in spasmolytic activity to the other types.
Indian practitioners mostly use A. calamus externally. Shveta Vachaa (Haimavati, equated with Acorus gramineus Scoland. Ex Ait., a diploid, is used internally. Unani physicians use Paris polyphylla Sim. as Khuraasaani Bach.The essential oil-free alcoholic extract of A. calamus possesses sedative and analgesic properties.Alpha-asarone potentiates pentobarbital, accounts for some, but not all,neurodepressive activity. Beta-asarone is reportedly hallucinogenic. (Francis Brinker.)The ethanolic extract of rhizomes show significant antisecretory and antiulcerogenic activity; also, protective effect against cytodestructive agents,experimentally.
Dosage- Rhizome—60–120 mg
powder.
Habitat- Wild and cultivated throughout India in damp marshy places from900 to 1,800 m; common
in Manipur and Naga Hills.
English- Sweet Flag, Calamus.
Ayurvedic- Vachaa, Ugragandhaa,Ugraa, Golomi, Shadgranthaa,Shataparvaa, Tikshnagandhaa,Kshudra-patra, Maangalyaa, Ghorbach.
Unani- Waj-e-Turki, Waj.
Siddha/Tamil- Vasambu.
Action- Rhizome—nervine tonic,hypotensive, tranquilizer, sedative(with neuroleptic and antianxiety
properties), analgesic, spasmolytic,anticonvulsant; used for bronchial catarrh, chronic diarrhoea and
dysentery.Along with other therapeutic applications,The Ayurvedic Pharmacopoeia of India indicates the use of the dried rhizomes as a brain tonic inweakmemory,psychoneurosis and epilepsy.Four types of Calamus are used in herbal medicine: type I—Acorus calamus L. var. americanus, a diploid American var.; type II—var. vulgaris L. (var. calamus), a European triploid;type III and type IV—var. augustatus
Bess. and var. versus L., subtropical tetraploids.Beta-asarone is carcinogenic in animals.
Volatile oil of types II, III and IV—major constituent is usually betaasarone (isoasarone), up to 96%. Indian calamus oil contains asarone up to 82% and its beta-isomer. In type I,
beta-asarone and other phenylpropanoids are absent. It is superior in spasmolytic activity to the other types.
Indian practitioners mostly use A. calamus externally. Shveta Vachaa (Haimavati, equated with Acorus gramineus Scoland. Ex Ait., a diploid, is used internally. Unani physicians use Paris polyphylla Sim. as Khuraasaani Bach.The essential oil-free alcoholic extract of A. calamus possesses sedative and analgesic properties.Alpha-asarone potentiates pentobarbital, accounts for some, but not all,neurodepressive activity. Beta-asarone is reportedly hallucinogenic. (Francis Brinker.)The ethanolic extract of rhizomes show significant antisecretory and antiulcerogenic activity; also, protective effect against cytodestructive agents,experimentally.
Dosage- Rhizome—60–120 mg
powder.
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